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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it becomes a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the documents you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if like this you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. Read Full Article One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow find more info creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.